Description
Appearance and Origin
The lychee, scientifically known as Litchi chinensis, is an evergreen tree from the soapberry family (Sapindaceae). Originally from the subtropical regions of Southeast Asia, especially China, the tree has glossy, dark green leaves and produces striking fruits with a red, leathery skin and white flesh.
Growth
These trees have a pyramidal crown and can reach a height of up to 15 meters. The leaves are arranged alternately and have an elongated, lanceolate shape. The tree’s flowers are small, fragrant, and white to yellowish. The fruits hang in large clusters on the branches and are easily recognizable when ripe.
Cultivation and Care
Lychee trees thrive best in tropical to subtropical climates with warm temperatures and high humidity. They prefer well-drained soils and should be regularly watered, especially during fruit development. A slightly acidic soil with a pH between 5.0 and 7.0 is ideal for lychee tree growth.
Taste, Use, and Fruit
The fruits are known for their sweet, refreshing taste. They have a delicate texture and are rich in vitamin C and other nutrients. They are often eaten fresh or used in fruit salads, desserts, and beverages. Their exotic aroma makes them a popular ingredient in Asian cuisine.
Harvest Time
The harvesting time varies depending on the location and climatic conditions but typically falls in late spring or early summer. The fruits should be harvested when their skin is red and easy to peel, indicating their ripeness.
Pollination
Pollination mainly occurs through bees and other insects. Lychee trees are self-pollinating, but a higher rate of pollination can increase fruit yield. In some cases, hand pollination can be performed using brushes or by shaking the tree branches during the flowering period.
