Description
Origin
Ginkgo Biloba, botanically known as Ginkgo biloba, is a unique tree species considered to be a living fossil. It is the only living species in the Ginkgoaceae family and has been found unchanged on Earth for millions of years. Originally from China, where it has been cultivated for centuries, Ginkgo is now spread worldwide as an ornamental and useful plant.
Growth, Appearance, and Characteristics
It is a deciduous tree that can reach a height of up to 30 meters. Its growth habit is often pyramidal, with an upright trunk and widely spreading branches. The leaves are fan-shaped, leathery, and divided, giving it a distinctive appearance. In autumn, the leaves turn a bright yellow, creating a spectacular sight. Male trees bear conspicuous yellow catkins in spring, while female trees produce small, green, egg-shaped seeds surrounded by a fleshy, foul-smelling seed coat.
Cultivation and Care
It is relatively low-maintenance and thrives best in well-drained soil and sunny to semi-shady locations. The plant tolerates drought and air pollution well, making it suitable for urban environments. Regular watering during the growing season promotes healthy growth, while light pruning can help maintain the tree’s shape. Ginkgos are also extremely hardy and can thrive in colder climates.
Taste and Use
The seeds are considered a delicacy in some cultures and are roasted or cooked after removing the foul-smelling seed coat, then eaten as a snack. However, caution is advised as raw or uncooked seeds can be harmful to health due to their toxin content. In traditional Chinese medicine, Ginkgo extracts are often used to improve memory performance and treat cardiovascular diseases.
Harvesting Time
The seeds ripen in autumn, typically between September and November, depending on the location and climatic conditions. However, the first fruits may only appear after several years on older trees, usually after about 20 to 30 years.
Pollination
Pollination occurs through the wind since male and female flowers occur on different trees. Male trees produce pollen that is carried by the wind to female trees to enable pollination. This type of pollination is an evolutionary adaptation that allows Ginkgo to be successful even in environments with few pollinating insects.
