Description
Origin
The Cayenne chili (Capsicum frutescens) originally hails from South America, particularly from the tropical regions of the Amazon basin. It is closely related to other species of the genus Capsicum, belonging to the Nightshade family (Solanaceae). Cayenne chili has been used in cooking and as a medicinal plant for centuries and is now spread throughout the world.
Growth, Appearance, and Characteristics
It is a perennial plant that can reach a height of up to one meter. It has an upright growth habit and forms numerous branching stems. The leaves are dark green, oval to elongated, and may be slightly hairy. The fruits are elongated, tapering to a point, and vary in color from green to yellow to bright red, depending on ripeness. The fruits are thin-walled and have a sharp, spicy taste.
Cultivation and Care
Cayenne chili thrives best in sunny locations with well-drained, humus-rich soil. The plant requires regular watering, especially during fruit formation, to ensure healthy growth. Sufficient spacing between plants promotes air circulation and reduces the risk of diseases. Cayenne chilies can be grown both in the garden and in pots or containers on balconies and terraces.
Taste and Use
It has a sharp, intense taste and is commonly used as a seasoning for food. It can be used fresh, dried, or in powdered form, adding a spicy kick to dishes like curries, soups, stews, and marinades. Additionally, Cayenne chili is valued in herbal medicine for its pain-relieving, anti-inflammatory, and digestive properties. It is often used in the production of ointments, tinctures, and teas.
Harvesting Time
Cayenne chilies can be harvested approximately 60 to 90 days after germination, depending on the variety and climatic conditions. The first fruits can typically be harvested about 2 to 3 months after planting, once they have reached their final color and are firm to the touch. The main harvesting time is often in late summer to autumn when the fruits are ripe.
Pollination
Pollination primarily occurs through insects, especially bees and bumblebees attracted by the fragrant flowers. The flowers produce abundant nectar to attract pollinators and contribute to reproduction. Sufficient pollination is important for a rich harvest and the formation of healthy fruits.
