Description
Origin
Nasturtium (Tropaeolum) is a flowering plant genus from the family Tropaeolaceae. Originally hailing from the Andean regions of South America, particularly Peru and Colombia, nasturtium has become a popular ornamental and edible plant since its introduction to Europe in the 16th century due to its attractive flowers and edible leaves.
Growth, Appearance, and Characteristics
It is an annual or perennial plant with trailing or climbing stems that can reach heights of up to 30 centimeters. The leaves are round or heart-shaped and often have a bluish or green hue. The flowers are striking and trumpet-shaped with five petals in vibrant colors such as orange, yellow, or red. The plant also produces edible buds, which can often be used as a substitute for capers.
Cultivation and Care
It is an easy-to-grow plant that can be cultivated in garden beds as well as in containers or hanging baskets. It prefers a sunny to semi-shady location and well-drained soil. The plant requires regular watering, but waterlogging should be avoided to prevent root rot. Nasturtium is relatively resistant to pests and diseases and can even help protect other plants from pests such as aphids.
Taste and Use
The flowers, leaves, and buds are edible and have a spicy, slightly peppery taste reminiscent of watercress. They can be used raw in salads, sandwiches, or as garnishes. The buds can also be pickled and used like capers. Additionally, nasturtium also has medicinal applications and is traditionally used to treat respiratory diseases, skin infections, and digestive problems.
Harvest Time
The flowers and leaves can be harvested throughout the growing season once the plant has grown sufficiently. The first flowers and buds can often be harvested about six to eight weeks after planting. Harvesting is usually best done early in the morning when the essential oil content in the leaves and flowers is highest.
Pollination
It is an insect-pollinated plant and attracts a variety of pollinators, including bees, butterflies, and bumblebees. The striking flowers attract pollinators with their bright colors and sweet nectar. Pollination occurs through the transfer of pollen from flower to flower by the pollinators, leading to fertilization of the flowers and seed production.
