Description
Origin
The coffee plant, scientifically known as Coffea, is an evergreen plant belonging to the Rubiaceae family. It is characterized by shiny, dark green leaves and fragrant, white flowers. The fruits are known as coffee cherries and contain the coveted coffee beans. Originally from the tropical regions of Africa, especially Ethiopia, the coffee plant has been cultivated in many other parts of the world, including South America, Asia, and the Caribbean.
Growth and Appearance
Coffee plants are small trees or shrubs that can grow between 1 and 5 meters tall depending on the variety. They have a bushy growth habit with branching branches. The flowers are small, white, and fragrant, and the fruits are initially green, turning red, yellow, or purple when ripe.
Cultivation and Care
Cultivation requires a warm climate, sufficient sunlight, and moist, well-drained soil. Plants are usually grown from seeds or cuttings and require regular watering and fertilization to grow optimally. Coffee trees must also be protected from pests and diseases to ensure a good harvest.
Taste, Use, and Fruit
Coffee beans are the basis for one of the most popular beverages in the world. They are roasted and ground to prepare coffee, which can be enjoyed in various forms, including espresso, cappuccino, latte, and more. The taste of coffee varies depending on the variety, growing area, and roasting, but it can have nuances of chocolate, fruitiness, acidity, and bitterness. The fruits of the coffee plant, also called coffee cherries, can also be consumed raw or processed into juices and other beverages. They have a sweet, fruity taste reminiscent of berries.
Harvest Time
They typically begin bearing fruit about three to five years after planting. The main harvesting time varies depending on the growing region but often occurs in the months following the rainy season.
Pollination
Pollination is mainly carried out by bees and other insects that carry pollen from flower to flower. Most coffee species are self-pollinating, although a greater variety of pollinators can lead to better fruit yield.
